Fast food Resturents in India Essay Example for Free

Inexpensive food Resturents in India Essay 1. Presentation Universally, there is a developing interest for food away from home because of higher earnings, changes in utilization designs, changes in family unit arrangement, and the time pressures made by double working families. The foodservice business has gotten profoundly serious as the quantity of foodservice outlets has expanded to fulfill the need. So as to prevail in such a serious industry, café administrators need to comprehend the components (and their relative significance) that impact eatery patrons’ choice while choosing a café This exploration examines customer decision utilizing the shopper dynamic procedure as a system and recognizes the variables that impact the choices of purchasers in the upscale, ethnic portion of the foodservice business. This part audits the important writing about buyers and administrations, the customer dynamic procedure model, and past examinations in consumers’ eatery determination conduct. Besides, the interrelationships between consumer loyalty, food quality, administration quality and decision aims are talked about. Ultimately, the café decision factors, feasting event, and segment attributes are evaluated. 1.1 FASTFOOD Cheap food is the term given to food that can be arranged and served rapidly. While any supper with low planning time can be viewed as inexpensive food, normally the term alludes to food sold in a café or store with preheated or precooked fixings, and served to the client in a bundled structure for take-out/remove. 1.2 CUSTOMER CHOICE In microeconomics, the hypothesis of customer decision relates inclinations (for the utilization of the two products and ventures). Inclinations are the wants by every person for the utilization of products and ventures that convert into decisions dependent on pay or riches for acquisition of merchandise and enterprises to be joined with the buyers time to characterize utilization exercises. 1.3 FASTFOOD INDUSTRY The cheap food industry is ruled by a bunch of amazing companies who are resolved to forcefully drive creation expenses to the base. Low wages are a focal piece of this program. Since each dollar a business needs to pay as wages is one less dollar in their pocket. The lower the wages, the better the benefits. The organizations that have applied this equation most effectively are McDonalds, Burger King and Yum (Pizza Hut, Taco Bell, KFC).Together these gigantic combinations command the business, utilizing 3.7 million individuals around the world; working a consolidated aggregate of 60,000 stores. 1.4 FASTFOOD RESTORENT IN INDORE Indore is celebrated city in an inexpensive food industry. Such huge numbers of mnc’s and country lavel enterprise putting resources into the city. Indorins additionally like a cheap food. That’s why many endeavor opened in indore like as:- 1.4.1 McDonald’s McDonald’s is the universes biggest chain of burger drive-thru eateries, serving around 68 million clients day by day in 119 nations. Headquartered in the United States, the organization started in 1940 as a grill eatery worked by Richard and Maurice McDonald; in 1948 they redesigned their business as a burger stand utilizing creation line standards. Specialist Ray Kroc joined the organization as an establishment operator in 1955. He along these lines bought the chain from the McDonald siblings and managed its overall development. McDonalds principally sells burgers, cheeseburgers, chicken, Frenchfries, breakfast things, softdrinks, milkshakes and sweets. In light of changing purchaser tastes, the organization has extended its menu to incorporate plates of mixed greens, fish, wraps, smoothies and natural product. 1.4.2 Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) KFC (Kentucky Fried Chicken) is a drive-thru eatery chain headquartered in Louisville, Kentucky, United States, which spends significant time in singed chicken. An American symbol, it is the universes second biggest café network generally speaking (as estimated by deals) after McDonalds, with more than 18,000 outlets in 120 nations and domains as of December 2012. The organization is an auxiliary of Yum! Brands, a café organization which likewise possesses Pizza Hut and Taco Bell. KFC was established by Harland Sanders, who started selling seared chicken from his side of the road eatery in Corbin, Kentucky during the Great Depression. Sanders was one of the primary individuals to see the capability of the eatery diversifying idea, with the principal Kentucky Fried Chicken establishment opening in Utah in 1952. 1.4.3 Pizza Hut Pizza cottage is the biggest pizza Restaurant Company on the planet. It has 12000 outlets in 90 nations utilizing in excess of 3 lakh individuals. The inheritance of pizza cottage started in 1958.In India there are very little outlets, out of 1086 nations India is one of them however just in 9 urban communities pizza cabin has its outlets. Pizza Hut has a forceful development plan for India. It plans to have 100 outlets before the finish of 2004. Pizza Hut will unite its essence in urban communities where it as of now exists as an undertaking to make a significant portion of these gainful markets first before spreading to different markets. Further, all new outlets in India would be franchisee claimed coming about because of the smooth working of the current stores which are all franchisee possessed. Subsequently, a similar course of action will be followed later on to guarantee development situated outcomes. The information composed underneath speak to what Pizza cottage is about an d gives a concise profile of the organization. 1.4.4 Domino’s Pizza Blissful Food Works Limited (the Company) is a Jubilant Bhartia Group Company, The Company was fused in 1995 and started activities in 1996, The Company got recorded on the Indian bourses in February 2010, Mr, Shyam S, Bhartia, Mr, Hari S, Bhartia and Jubilant Enpro Private Ltd, are the Promoters of the Company. The Company its auxiliary works Dominos Pizza brand with the selective rights for India, Nepal, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka, The Company is Indias biggest and quickest developing food administration organization, with a system of 500+ Dominos Pizza Stores (as of 31st March, 2012) The Company is the market chief in the composed pizza advertise with a 54% piece of the overall industry (Euro screen Report 2010) and 70% offer in the pizza home conveyance section in India, The Company has reinforced its portfolio by going into a concurrence with Dunkin Donuts Franchising LLC, for building up the Dunkin Donuts brand and working eateries in India.

Attracting and Recruiting Talent free essay sample

This short report will cover parts of drawing in, enlisting and determination of ability, recognize and clarify the advantages and attractions of an assorted workforce and depict techniques for enrollment and choice. Elements that influence an organisation’s way to deal with both pulling in ability and enrollment and determination. There are outside and interior factors that will influence an organisation’s approach and they can be between related: †¢ External elements can incorporate Economic †downturn and the general atmosphere being poor, organizations will be careful about spending and growing their business and as such won't select any extra staff o Political †an expansion in the retirement age will imply that turnover will back off as staff remain in their jobs for longer o Legal †enactment, for example, the lowest pay permitted by law, affecting on business when there is an expansion. A few associations might be not able to enlist further staff due increment in wage bill †¢ Internal elements can incorporate Staff turnover †advancements, retirement or even excess will affect on turnover and subsequently make or evacuate positions o Business goals/organization procedure †if the business is anticipating growing it should factor in any enrollment needs whatsoever levels o Wastage rates will diminish when joblessness is high, this will imply that there will be less need to enlist as staff will in general remain in their current job because of the dread of joining those jobless Organizational Benefits to a Diverse Workforce There are numerous advantages to an assorted workforce beside the legitimate consistence: Enhances the organisation’s notoriety and picture with outside partners settling on them a business of decision ? Aids the advancement of new items, administrations and promoting procedures due the contribution of thoughts. ? Fabricates worker duty and resolve. Representatives feel esteemed and genuinely treated ? Enrolling and holding individuals from a wide ability base as the association has a decent notoriety ? Diminishes the expenses of turnover and non-appearance, because of high worker commitment. Diverse Recruitment Methods and when to utilize them Hook and Foot (2002) characterize enrollment as All exercises coordinated towards finding potential workers ? Pulling in applications from reasonable competitors They proceed to express that the points are: ? To get a pool of reasonable possibility for empty posts ? To utilize a reasonable procedure and have the option to show that the procedure is reasonable ? To guarantee that all enrollment exercises add to hierarchical objectives and an alluring authoritative picture There are different techniques we can use for enlistment relying upon the position being selecting for and in the case of enrolling inside or remotely. There is additionally huge expense to enlistment so it is crucial that the correct strategy for the correct position is utilized. Techniques include: †¢ Printed media †covers all parts of printed distributions including papers, magazines and specialty print distributions. Can contact a wide crowd especially if enlisting broadly, for authority jobs or very good quality jobs. It is costly to publicize in numerous national papers and can have a short life expectancy. †¢ Online enlistment †getting always well known with a great many people approaching the web. Has a wide crowd and can be practical. Because of the enormous number of candidates that an on-line promotion is probably going to get it can turn out to be very burdensome in filtering through the applications. Useful when searching for lower paid incompetent specialists. †¢ Internal enlistment †moving or advancing existing staff can be extremely inspirational and useful for assurance. It has a restricted crowd and hence may not generally bring about a wide scope of appropriate ability for the position. It can likewise cause absence of decent variety with less new thoughts being created. It tends to be amazingly financially savvy as there is next to no cost included. Diverse Selection Methods and when to utilize them As found on Tata McGraw-Hill Education Selection is the way toward separating between candidates so as to recognize and recruit those with a more noteworthy probability of achievement in a vocation In request to make our determination we need first to gather information on our competitors and we do this by an assortment of strategies, application structures, CVs , interviews, tests, references and conceivably an evaluation community. The most well known of these is known as ‘The Classic Trio’ Mark Cook (1988) . Application Form 2. Meeting 3. References Application frames despite everything utilized by lion's share of associations in the UK, valuable for increasing fundamental data on a competitor and checking in the event that they meet the individual determination basic rules. Meetings are as yet a mainstream type of gathering information o n applicants and will either be organized or un-organized. Organized meetings by and large follow a lot of foreordained inquiries, helpful for guaranteeing consistency. The inquiries will have a rating ascribed to them for reasonableness and they are typically explicit to the job necessities. They can anyway cause the contender to feel awkward and may hinder the posing of inquiries. Unstructured meetings will in general be increasingly loose, the discussion will in general rhythmic movement as a characteristic procedure. The interviewee is urged to lead the discussion and talk unreservedly. This empowers the questioner to tune in and evaluate the reactions. There is little arrangement required for this procedure and it can bring about irregularity. It gets hard to think about up-and-comers as they will have been posed various inquiries. By and large they are less effective than organized meetings. In end there are numerous elements to think about when taking a gander at why and how we enroll. We have to guarantee our procedures are reasonable and vigorous so as to draw in the best ability into our association and coming about and building up a various and capable workforce.

The Status part of myStatus Page Down - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

The Status part of myStatus Page Down - UGA Undergraduate Admissions The Status part of myStatus Page Down Quick update for everyone. The UGA myStatus page will be down until Tuesday due to some issues with the importing of data from the recent applications. The applications are downloading into our system, but there are at times some minor glitches that we want to iron out before the information is displayed on myStatus. We thought it would be prudent to make the corrections and then open up myStatus, rather than have someone panic if some data was incorrect concerning an applicants information. This does not impact student who is applying to UGA, as you can log in to either start an application or continue with a current application with no problems. We have only taken down the Check your status part of the myStatus page. Sorry for the inconvenience, but we want to make sure everything is working correctly before opening it back up!

Setting and Theme in Barn Burning Essay - 1144 Words

All stories, as all individuals, are embedded in a context or setting: a time, a place, and a culture. In fact, characters and their relationship to others are better understood in a specific context of time, place and atmosphere, as they relate to a proposed theme or central point of a story. Abner is revealed as a sadistic character who confronts his son with the choice of keeping his loyal ties to the family or parting for a life on his own with no familial support. Sarty is Abners son, a young boy torn by the words of his father and the innate senses of his heart. Sarty is challenged by an internal conflict, he wants to disobey his father, yet he knows that if he leaves he will have nowhere to go and no one to turn to. We will†¦show more content†¦Major de Spain lived the life of a wealthy southerner, a life that Abner would never have. When Major de Spain told Abner, It cost a hundred dollars...but you never had a hundred dollars...you never will, it caused Abner to feel a greater sense of animosity toward de Spain because he knew himself that he was not the type of man fit to be the head of the household and probably never would be, which was why he felt that he had to burn down de Spains barn. Sarty went along with all that his father did because of the impact of his fathers words on him, You got to learn to stick to your own blood or you aint going to have any blood to stick to you. He also knew that they were of the poor class, struggling to put food on the table; as much as he disagreed he could not express himself. Sarty disagreed with everything his father did and wanted to tell him, but he knew that his father would leave him to fend for himself. Subconsciously Sarty admired de Spains life, peace and dignity were beyond his touch. Faulkner himself defended Abners character in an interview with Jane Hiles called Blood Ties in Barn Burning. The Great Depression was a time when the poor felt alienated from the politically and economically dominant groups and focused primarily on the feeling of blood, of clan, blood for blood. The family had to come together regardless of any criminal activity or immoral choices for the survival of the group. The interviewShow MoreRelatedThemes In Barn Burning1135 Words   |  5 PagesSymbols and Themes in â€Å"Barn Burning† and â€Å"To Build a Fire† The short stories â€Å"Barn Burning† by William Faulkner and â€Å"To Build a Fire† by Jack London are, on their surface, two very different tales. While â€Å"Barn Burning† tells the story of a young boy, Sarty, trying to grow and develop his own moral code among his twisted father whom the boy doesn’t agree with, but follows because he is ‘his blood,’ â€Å"To Build a Fire† tells a story of a man trekking alone on Yukon Trail in miserable, dangerous weatherRead MoreComparison of â€Å"AP† by John Updike and â€Å"Barn Burning† by William Faulkner1268 Words   |  5 PagesWilliam Faulkner and John Updike short stories share the same theme loyalty. The use of different literary elements to explore this similarity is what differs within the two stories. The authors take different approaches such as characters, settings, and point of views to communicate the theme to the reader. Throughout both short stories, the reader ca n receive a precise overview of loyalty. Even though the differences of literary elements are announced, one can still analyze the deeper meaning overallRead MoreBarn Burning By William Faulkner1357 Words   |  6 PagesHenry Award winning short story, â€Å"Barn Burning† was written in 1938 and published by Harper’s in 1939 (â€Å"William,† par. 12). In many ways the story is a product of â€Å"both a turbulent time in America’s history and Faulkner’s personal history† (Parker 101). America was emerging from the Great Depression just in time to see World War II looming on the horizon while Faulkner was struggling with â€Å"finances, a drinking problem, and a new mistress† (Parker 102). In â€Å"Barn Burning† Faulkner makes extensive useRead MoreBoth sides of the Coin in William Faulkner’s short story, Barn Burning812 Words   |  3 PagesWilliam Faulkner’s short story, â€Å"Barn Burning,† the charac ter Abner Snopes, who is Sarty’s father as well as a main character of the story, stands out the most compared to other characters because of Faulkner’s description with a sense of irony and critic. Faulkner presents multifaceted characteristics in Abner Snopes that makes the readers think beyond the view of the narrator based on logics and circumstances in Abner’s conditions. The setting of ‘‘Barn Burning’’ is the post-Civil War South, theRead MoreBarn Burning Analysis Essays914 Words   |  4 PagesSummary of central events: Mr. Snopes burns Mr. Harris barn because Mr. Harris charges him, â€Å"a dollar pound fee,† (515) for the return of his hog. In court the judge dismisses the charges against Snopes but warns him to leave the town for good and Snopes agrees to comply. The next day the family arrives at their new home. After Snopes tracks horse manure onto the expensive rug, the server instructs him to clean and return it. S nopes ruins the rug from improper cleaning and Major de Spain â€Å"charge[s]Read MoreWilliam Faulkner s A Rose For Emily And Barn Burning863 Words   |  4 PagesModernism, neglecting any previous traditions relevancy. William Faulkner, author of stories: â€Å"A Rose for Emily† and â€Å"Barn Burning† represent the processes of perception through the struggle between traditions and personal values. William Faulkner s two short stories, â€Å"A Rose for Emily† and â€Å"Barn Burning†, share similar structure plots of these two different stories, sharing a relatable theme on the effects of a father’s teaching and the impact it has on their children. The protagonists Miss Emily andRead More William Faulkner Essay1234 Words   |  5 Pagesnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Faulkners Barn Burning; takes place in the late nineteenth century South. Primarily a story about the relationship between father and son, the story presents itself through the use of symbolism. The most vital sign being fire. The fire is much like the main character in the story, Abner. Both Abner and the fire are uncontrollable and destroy anything in its way, having respect for nothing. Sarty, Abners son, dislikes what his father does out of acts of hate and tries to stop it (Faulkner Barn; 23)Read More Setting in William Faulkners Barn Burning Essay1584 Words   |  7 PagesCritical Viewing on Ba rn Burning William Faulkner’s use of a setting in a short story, such as â€Å"Barn Burning†, effected the entire outcome of the story from start to finish. In â€Å"Barn Burning†, a young boy must face his father and face the reality of a harsh world. He must also discover for himself that his father is wrong and learn to grow up the right way in a racial environment. Faulkner’s setting is one of the most important literary elements that help the audience understand theRead MoreLiterary Elements Of A Short Story1513 Words   |  7 Pagessmall prose narrative that has a fully develop a theme but is shorter than a novel. There are many different literary elements that compose a short story, such as narrative or point of view, character, setting, tone, and style, theme, plot, and symbol. All of these literary elements are fundamental to write a short story, you cannot have one without the other. The short stories â€Å"A Rose for Emily†, â€Å"Harrison Bergeron†, â€Å"The Gift of the Magi†, â€Å"Barn Burning†, and â€Å"The Chrysanthemums† are great examplesRead Moreâ€Å"a Rose for Emily† vs. â€Å"Barn Burning†2378 Words   |  10 Pagesone Americas greatest authors. In fact, his short stories, Barn Burning, and A Rose for Emily, are two of the best-known stories in American literature. Both are examples of the reflection of contemporary Southern American values in his work. â€Å"Barn Burning† and â€Å"A Rose for Emily† are two stories both written by William Faulkner. â€Å"Barn Burning† has a theme of family loyalty verses loyalty to the law. â€Å"A Rose for Emily† has a theme of power by death. Emily is thought of as a monument, but at the

Describe the Causes of War and Conflict. - 825 Words

War and Conflict P1- Describe the causes of war and conflict. In this essay I will be giving the definition of war and conflict and I will be describing the causes of war and giving examples of wars that have happened because of the conflicts that I will be mentioning in my essay. The causes of war I will be looking at will be; Politics, Nationalism, Ideology, Land, resources, historical rivalry, ethnic conflict and religion. These are the main causes of war. War is a conflict carried out by force of arms, between nations, states or between parties within a nation which can be on land, sea or in the air, always caused by something. It’s a clash of interests which results in violent armed struggles and can affect†¦show more content†¦This can cause wars because some people might not agree with the ideas of getting something organised. This is because it could make things more expensive or the Government could put up the price of oil making countries go to war because they want to be the sellers of the oil. The roots of the Cold War are the ideological struggle between the Soviet Union and the West that began after the Bolsheviks seized power in 1917. Historical rivalry is a cause that will never go away. This is because some countries never want to sort their difference out. Historical rivalry is a rivalry between counties that have had problems in the past. For example England and Scotland, have always had their differences. The differences started when there were two kingdoms; The Scottish Kingdom and the Anglo-Saxon kingdom. This caused several wars between the two countries because of their disagreements. I think that there is always more than one cause of war this is because countries wouldn’t just go to war because of land they would go because there is also oil and natural resources that could be veryShow MoreRelatedThe Ethics Of Warfare And Ethics1550 Words   |  7 Pagesethical decisions when discussion about warfare. Are war ethical or not? Does war bring any resolution to the conflicts or it just bring more conflicts between nations and states? Have history of warfare demonstrate whether or not wars have ever resolve the initial purpose of the war? War ethics only defines whether the purpose of any war is right in order to initiate any conflict among nations. But history has proven that humans have always uses wars as a mean of resolving political, structural, religiousRead MoreThe Causes Of War And Political Conflicts926 Words   |  4 PagesWar and political conflicts has caused a great deal of trouble, suffering, and human disaster for millennia’s. The factors that led to the cause are fear, interest, standing, and revenge. Often times political leaders, of mostly powerful states, declare war either based on interest in resources, the desire to be the biggest power, to cause terror on other states, or simply to get revenge. Throughout history, many of these wars and conflicts that were fought by the Greeks vs. Romans, Spanish vs. AztecsRead MoreConflict Speech790 Words   |  4 PagesGood morning teachers and peers, today Im going to discuss conflict, the affects it has on people with examples from two texts. |    What is conflict? Conflict is another word for fighting, battling, or struggle. Conflict can be expressed in many ways, such as; war, hate, aggression, bullying, and competiveness. Conflict has negative effects on people. Conflict can result in death, mental illness, suicide, and destruction. Conflict is cause by many reasons including differences in values, desires, needsRead MoreGeopolitical Factors Between Nato And Russia Essay1222 Words   |  5 PagesFuture relationships between NATO and Russia are very uncertain. These uncertainties are due primarily to geopolitical factors like globalization, economic interdependence and international law. This leaves the world to question the possibility of a conflict arising from these clashing geopolitical factors. First, Russia, one of the major powers, has expanded economically and militarily by increasing trade, communication and even showing military force in other countries with the fight against ISIL.Read MoreTheme Of The Illustrate d Man1694 Words   |  7 Pagespost World War II society and a current Cold War environment. The time period and characteristics of World War II, the Cold War, and foreshadowing of the Civil Rights Movement serve as important influences for Bradbury’s subject and themes of the novel. Recurring ideas of censorship, technology, justice, and largely death, exist in events and fears of the day. Leading all themes to tie into an allegorical warning Bradbury directs to an audience of American youth, fearful of nuclear war with theRead MoreConflicts Involve a Clash of Ideas, Interests and Expectations.808 Words   |  4 PagesThe vast amount of causes for conflict and the ambiguity of each reaches an overwhelming total. The sort of a particular conflict is highly dependent on why the conflict has occurred, as individuals posses differing core values and beliefs. Conflict is born when aspects of individuals or groups clash. There are infinite aspects that make up an individual, but three remain prominent when it comes to tracing where conflict has originated from. Ideas, interests, and hopes or expectations of an individualRead MoreHow Poetry Can And Can Not Say Many Things957 Words   |  4 PagesPoetry can and cannot say many things in many ways. Poetry in the Twentieth Century pertaining to the Great War or the First World War gave people an idea about what poetry could say and could not say. Poetry during the First World War would often either conceal the true nature of the conflict going on or poetry would gruesomely paint the conflict for what it was worth. Robert Brooke’s â€Å"The Solider† conceals the First World War’s ultimate brutality by claiming it as a noble endeavor, Wilfred Owen’sRead MoreIrony, Allusion, Metaphor, Personification, Alliteration, And Comic Relief1199 Words   |  5 PagesDescribe the setting of this novel. The boys are stranded on an unoccupied island. It seems as though it is somewhere in the Pacific in the 1950’s. It is an unknown environment which is very peculiar. As young boys, they expressed a great amount of enthusiasm once they arrived. After this initial feeling, the reality of the absence of adult supervision came to their realization, and the threat of the real world set in. 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Shakespeare during the Princes speech at the start of the play is suggests that conflict is futile and is not worth the damage it causes. When Shakespeare describes conflict as something ‘bred of an airy word’ it is clear that he views conflict as something pointless and insignificant. The word ‘airy’ suggests that the conflict is spreading and is affecting

How to Make Eggrolls Free Essays

Throughout my childhood and growing up, my mother always made something simple for us to eat. I always thought it was simple, but it’s more complicated than it looks. My mother always made eggrolls, noodles, and this Vietnamese special sauce called â€Å"nuoc mam†. We will write a custom essay sample on How to Make Eggrolls or any similar topic only for you Order Now It’s the simplest and quickest thing to make when you have about five children to feed in the house. The only problem is, is that you would have to pre-make the eggrolls already. So how do you do such? Well first you would have to gather all of your ingredients. There’s over ten items that you would need. First you would have to purchase grounded pork, shrimps, eggs, white onions, green onions, black pepper, salt, carrots, Vietnamese potato, different Vietnamese spices, and many more. You would have to chop up the carrots and Vietnamese potato in tiny little strands and pieces. Then you would throw everything in one big bucket and mix it with your hands, but make sure your hands are washed cleanly! Once you’re done mixing everything in the bucket, you take the eggroll wrapping sheet, place it on a cutting board, take a spoon and scoop the mixed pork onto one corner of the eggroll wrapping sheet, roll it, and dab a little bit of egg yolk to seal it. You would have to continuously do this until you run out of the eggroll wrapping sheets or out of the pork itself. You would have to have your fryer at three hundred and fifty degrees and wait until the oil boils. The best way to figure out if the oil is hot and ready is by sticking a wooden chopstick into the oil and seeing if there are sizzling bubbles bubbling around the wooden chopstick. Once the oil is hot, you drop however many eggrolls you want or that would fit in your fryer or pot, and let it fry in the fryer. You leave it in there for about five to eight minutes and then check on it again. If it looks golden brown, you can either flip it and leave it in the fryer for another two minutes or simply take it out and set it on a plate or basket with napkins beneath it so the oil could drip on it. In the end, all you have to do is boil some Vietnamese rice noodles, chop the vegetables you would like to eat with the eggrolls, and make the Vietnamese special sauce if you please. You would put the noodles first into a bowl or a plate, put the vegetables that you would like onto the top of the noodles, then take a pair of scissors and cut the eggrolls to fall on top of the vegetables. Then you would have to drizzle the sauce on top of the eggrolls, noodles, and vegetables. All you basically have to do is stir, and dig in! How to cite How to Make Eggrolls, Papers

Prime Cost and Deminishing Cost Economics

Question: Describe about the Prime Cost and Deminishing Cost Economics. Answer: Solution 1(a): In Company A fixed amount is claimed every year on the basis of the following formula: Asset Cost (days held/365) (100%/ effective life of the asset) (Ato.gov.au, 2015) Assuming both Company A and B has an asset valuing $ 80,000 since its inception. Given, Asset life = 20 years. Depreciation: 1st year- $ 80,000 (365/365) (100%/20) = $ 4000 Value of the depreciable asset after 1st year =$80,000 - 4000 =$76,000 Therefore, the current value of the depreciable asset is $ 64,000. Double Declining Method is calculated with the following formula: Base value (days held/365) (200%/ effective life of the asset) Depreciation: 1st year- $80000 (365/365) (200%/20) = $ 8000 Value of the depreciable asset after 1st year = $80000-$8000 = $ 72,000 Therefore the current value of the depreciable asset is $52,488. Since, Straight Line depreciation charged by the Company A is same throughout the useful life of the asset, so it reflects a stable and a uniform decrement in the revenues and value of the asset in each of the accounting period of the useful life of the asset. Double-declining balance method adopted by Company B for depreciating its asset records greater amount of depreciation in the course of an assets life and considerably lower amount for the remaining later years of the asset (Ato.gov.au). Therefore, resulting in more reduction of assets and revenue in early years followed by, reduction in depreciation expense resulting to minimal impact on companys assets and revenues. However, higher cost relating to asset repairs and maintenance might impact the revenues of Company B. Solution 1(b): Straight Line Method also known as Prime Cost method is a method that presumes the value of depreciable asset declines uniformly over its useful life (Stunguriene and Christauskas, 2014). It is calculated on pro rata basis. The value of the asset includes the additional amount paid for installation, transport and to make it ready for use, besides actual cost of the asset. Double declining method as compared to Straight line method leads to the reduction of net income and operating earnings in the initial years of the life of an asset and increase in later years. Preference of any method of depreciation on the financial statement of the company hardly affects its cash flow, however, double declining method of depreciation for tax reporting reduces the taxable income and outstanding taxes thereby increasing the cash flow of the firm through tax reduction (Stunguriene and Christauskas, 2014). When straight line depreciation is used, an analyst utilizing balance sheet items can easily es timate the average of depreciable asset life and average age and assets relative age can be estimated. Viewing both the methods of depreciation, both have their own merits. Straight line method is simple and easy to use help in simplifying calculations. Decling method on the other hand, generally provides accuracy in accounting of an assest value. For instance, when we purchase a new electronic gadget such as, a smartphones or new computer for the employees, high reduction in value is experienced in their early life span than they do later (Mueller, 2016). Solution 2: Every business demands to finance for its growth, expansion and to take up new organizational strategies (accaglobal.com). Some of the sources that Kangaroo Company can undertake are: Trade Credit- It refers to a financial agreement between the company and its suppliers whereby the supplier agrees on providing materials or finished goods in up front with payment on a later date. Firstly, the company will avoid paying cash up front, thereby retaining cash in the short term for other capital requirements for the Kangaroo company has its ongoing expenses and investment decisions to take. With a little delay in payment on its purchases for a short period the company can accomplish its immediate cash need. Secondly, trade credits act as an immediate replenishment to avoid delay in business activity and performance. Thirdly, the suppliers too experience more business than otherwise. However, it has risks associated with it. Firstly, with purchase volume turning higher will produce interest fee. Secondly, if the company is not cautious enough in utilizing the trade credit, then it might end up paying a quite higher cost for the inventory. Bank loans- The company can also opt for bank loans for its inventory or equipment purchase and its business expansion loans are thought to be a reliable source of financing. Firstly, the loan would be provided on basis of the value of business and the ability perceived to service the loan through timely payments. Secondly, the interest paid on the business, bank loan is tax deductible. Especially when loans are fixed rated, where loan servicing payments are same throughout loan life. This makes budgeting and planning conducive for the company (Mallick and Yang, 2011). However, it has few drawbacks. Firstly the biggest risk to bank loan is that the banks are stringent to pay loans to company having capability to repay. Advancing of loans require providing a personal guarantee, which means personal asset of the marsupials too can be seized. Secondly, interest rates might be considerably high. The high rate of interest for funding might stunt the expansion. The company having 60% of it s noncurrent notes can provide security for an availing bank loan. Equity funding- The company, can even opt for equity investments. It refers to accepting money from a private group or investor for an exchange of partial ownership. This prevents taking of debt after that repaying the investment. This will provide the investors with a certain extent of control in the company. It will demand to keep the investors happy even after majority interest rest with marsupials (Igartua and Albors, 2011). Solution 3: Management accountants are expected to function ethically. The Institute of Management Accountant has particularized four standards for managerial accountants relating to ethical conduct (Davidson and Stevens, 2013). They are confidentiality, integrity, competence, and credibility. Business owners require all details while reviewing their business operations and decisions were taken. Underlining are influences of ethical behavior of the company with the following: Customer- possessing a trustworthy customer base is one of the key elements to aspire long range business gain because providing for an existent customer does not include any marketing cost, as it does in the case of providing for new one. A companys credibility for ethical behavior can assist in the creation of more positive appearance in the marketplace, which may help to attract new customers by word of mouth referrals. Unethical dealings adversely affect the chances of gaining new customers specially when dissatisfied customers via social networking will disseminate information quickly, relating to their negative experience. Employees- proficient individuals working at all levels of the company aspire to be compensated for their work and commitment. They urge career advancement in the organization appertaining to their work quality and not on biases. Employees seek to be part of that company whose management team discloses about the working in the organization (Boshoff and Van Zyl, 2011). Suppliers- Suppliers signify a crucial part of business and sustenance of cordial relationship is a mode to success. It should be ensured not to purchase produced by companies who are held guilty of child labor exploitation, providing wage in inferior working conditions. Complying with suppliers and customers audit requirement and formal quest promotes a healthier relationship between the company and its suppliers. Solution 4: Analysis of financial statement helps in determining company stability and health. However, a financial statement has its pros and cons in the determination of stability and growth of a supplier. 1. the balance sheet discloses liquidity ratios that reflect the monetary worth of the supplier, which helps in determining the financial stability. 2. financial conditions reflected in the balance sheet are a depiction of assets and liabilities of the company. Use of income statement helps in evaluation of past income performance and assessment of future cash flow uncertainty. 3. the cash flow statement reflects cash exchange between outsiders and the company during a period, therefore assisting the investors to know whether the company has adequate cash to pay of its expenditures and purchase of assets (MacKerron et al., 2014). Limitations of Financial Statements are, 1. Financial statements are provided after completion of specified period. 2. The disclosed information of facts that is historic which might not be adequate from the view point of decision making. 3. During the preparation of Balance Sheet, all the assets and liabilities are reflected at historical prices as they are formulated on the principle of going concern which might influence profitability statement along with incorrect provision for depreciation. 4. Only monetary transactions are taken record of. 5. Financial Statement formulated is considered to be useful to normal users in normal conditions only (Magiera, 2010). A companys financial statement comprises of the Balance Sheet, Income Statement, Return on Earning and statement of cash flow. The liabilities in the balance sheet highlight companys debts and obligations. Accounts payable crops from the acquisition of goods and services from suppliers on credit without a note or financial written contract. Secondly, ascertain total cost incurred in dealing includes material cost, method of communication and requirement of inventory (Holmes, Marriott, and Randal, 2012). The balance sheet, cash flow, and income statement are all interrelated. The income statement explains about the utilization of assets and liabilities in a stipulated accounting period. In context to overall growth, the net income is the basic place to initiate analyzing the financial statement of the company. Operating profit margin also reflects about the sufficiency and profitability of the company. It helps in comparing the amount generated from sales before deduction of interest and taxes (Kim, 2015). The margin provides potential investors and analysts with an understanding of the success of the company and role of managers in the generation of profitable revenue. References Ato.gov.au. (2015).Prime cost (straight line) and diminishing value methods | Australian Taxation Office. [online] Available at: https://www.ato.gov.au/Business/Depreciation-and-capital-expenses-and-allowances/General-depreciation-rules---capital-allowances/Prime-cost-(straight-line)-and-diminishing-value-methods/ [Accessed 8 Sep. 2016]. Boshoff, E. and Van Zyl, E. (2011). The relationship between locus of control and ethical behaviour among employees in the financial sector.Koers, 76(2). Davidson, B. and Stevens, D. (2013). Can a Code of Ethics Improve Manager Behavior and Investor Confidence? An Experimental Study.The Accounting Review, 88(1), pp.51-74. Holmes, K., Marriott, L. and Randal, J. (2012). Ethics and experiments in accounting.Pacific Accounting Review, 24(1), pp.80-100. https://www.accaglobal.com, A. (2015).Medium-sized businesses | The right finance for your business | Business Finance | ACCA | ACCA Global. [online] Accaglobal.com. Available at: https://www.accaglobal.com/in/en/business-finance/right-finance/medium-sized.html [Accessed 9 Sep. 2016]. Igartua, J. and Albors, J. (2011). The implementation process of innovation management in a medium-sized company.Projects / Proyctica / Projectique, 7(1), p.105. Kim, S. (2015). COST-VOLUME-PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR A MULTI-PRODUCT COMPANY: MICRO APPROACH.ijafr, 5(1). MacKerron, G., Kumar, M., Benedikt, A. and Kumar, V. (2014). Performance management of suppliers in the outsourcing project: case analysis from the financial services industry.Production Planning Control, 26(2), pp.150-165. Magiera, F. (2010). Financial Statement Analysis.CFA Digest, 40(1), pp.85-86. Mallick, S. and Yang, Y. (2011). Sources of Financing, Profitability, and Productivity: First Evidence from Matched Firms.Financial Markets, Institutions Instruments, 20(5), pp.221-252. Mueller, J. (2016).Depreciation: Straight-Line Vs. Double-Declining Methods. [online] Investopedia. Available at: https://www.investopedia.com/articles/06/depreciation.asp [Accessed 9 Sep. 2016]. Stunguriene, S. and Christauskas, C. (2014). Benefits of Applying Different Depreciation Methods of Long-term Tangible Assets in a Company.Socscie, 82(4).

The Space Shuttle Challenger an Example of the Topic Government and Law Essays by

The Space Shuttle Challenger by Expert Tutor Maya | 29 Nov 2016 The Space Shuttle Challenger and Columbia Accidents It has been claimed that the engineers were to blame for both the Challenger and Columbia Space Shuttle accidents and we shall, therefore, look into the failure on the part of management and the extent to which they are responsible for the failures of the two missions. Need essay sample on "The Space Shuttle Challenger" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed People Often Tell EssayLab support: I'm not in the mood to write my paper. Because I want to spend time with my family Professional writers suggest: Multitasking Essay Helper Space programs have enormous implications, pressure and expectations as regards the result as in countries like America the whole is usually watching. This paper I will argue that the decision-making power on whether to launch or not should be made by the engineers and not the management as they are in a better position to establish whether a space shuttle can be launched without the risk of accidents. As per the investigations that have been carried out into the causes of both the Challenger and Columbia disaster the management was found to have played a role in the disaster. The NASA management in the case of the Space Shuttle Challenger was found to have ignored safety concerns raised by the engineers. Therefore it is, therefore, safe to say that if the management had paid attention to the concern raised by the engineers the accident would not have taken place. The Space Shuttle Columbia disaster was attributed to structural flaws though in almost all previous missions a foam insulator had broken off but had not caused any significant amount of damage. However, in this particular case, the chief thermal protection system engineer and other engineers raised concern but the managers did not respond. The Space Shuttle Challenger burst into flames just 73 seconds after launch from Cape Canaveral, Florida, killing all seven crew on board. This was caused by the failure of the O-ring in the right Solid Rocket Booster at liftoff. The O-ring is a rubber ring which seals the joint around the connection point between the Solid Rocket Booster (SRB) and the Hydrogen tank. The failure of the O-ring was attributed to low temperatures, close to 31F (1C), at the launch which was below the minimum temperature permitted for launch. The engineers at Morton Thiokol, the contractor responsible for the construction and maintenance of the shuttles SRBs, had raised concern that the temperature would affect the resilience of the rubber O-rings and that they did not the data necessary to establish whether the joint would seal properly. This was discussed by the engineers and managers at Morton Thiokol, NASA managers from the Kennedy Space Center and those from the Marshall Space Flight Center. The concerns were not heeded by the Morton Thiokol management who recommended that the launch proceeds as scheduled. NASAs managers pressured the Morton Thiokol management by requiring them to prove that the launch was unsafe rather than prove it was safe and since they were unable to prove that the launch would unsafe their concern and recommendation was totally disregarded. The launch proceeded as planned and barely 2 minutes into the flight, the Challenger burst into flame killing all the seven crew onboard. Subsequent investigation revealed that the O-rings were responsible for the tragedy and further investigation revealed that the failure was caused by the failure of the O-rings to seal the joint between the SRBs. This, therefore, points to a breach of engineering ethics and negligence on the part of the management both at NASA and at Morton Thiokol, and thus they were entire to blame for the tragedy. The Space Shuttle Columbia burst into flames during its re-entry into the earths atmosphere only 16 minutes before it was scheduled to land at CAPE CANAVERAL, Florida. This was attributed to the damage caused when a piece of foam insulation broke off the Space Shuttle external tank and struck the left wing during liftoff. The foam piece is said to have struck the leading edge of the left wing which damaged the Shuttles Thermal Protection system (TPS) which shields the Shuttle from the extreme heat generated as a result of friction between the Shuttle and the earths atmosphere during re-entry. The NASA manager back on earth downplayed the extent of the damage caused by the insulation foam and went on to make a statement that it was not a safety threat, they even declined to request from other agencies claiming that nothing could be done. This notwithstanding the engineers should have gone on and taken the images they required to establish whether This was an outright poor management decision by Lind Ham, head of the Space Shuttle Managers, as she declined several requests made by NASA engineers for high-resolution images of the left wing to be taken to establish the exact extent of the damage. The managers also rejected the idea to have an image of the shuttle's left wing taken before re-entry. This was attributed to the managers low level of concern and their one minded decision to have the mission continue, this made the engineers found themselves in a position similar that of those responsible for the Challenger in that they were required to prove that the situation was unsafe rather the norm which was to prove that the situation was safe. Therefore though this tragedy was mostly attributed to structural flaws the management could not be let off the hook as they had to try and come up with a solution. The problem, in this case, is that though the engineers tried to do something nothing could be done as the final decision was reserved to the Space Shuttle Program management. Decision-making on whether a shuttle should be launched or not should be made by the engineers and not the management. It was evidence in the case of the Challenger whereby the decision making was left to the management who in trying to comply with their launch schedule disregarded the safety concerns raised by the engineers both at NASA and at Morton Thiokol. The management can be said to have been driven by the fear of having any more delays as this would make them look incompetent and they were, therefore, afraid that they would lose funding which they received from the government. The NASA management was fully briefed of the danger that was posed by proceeding with the launch in those kinds of temperatures. They were even part of the group, include engineers from the Kennedy Space Center and Marshall Space Flight Center, that discussed what would be the outcome if the shuttle was launched in such conditions to which the engineers responded that they did not have enough information to determine whether the O-ring would seal the SRB joint properly. This should serve as enough evidence that such kind of decision should not be left to people who do not have the safety concerns of their colleagues as the top priority no matter the stake. It should be noted that where an engineer(s) raise concern, the mission should not go any further until those concerns have been addressed and there is no other concern or doubt on the performance of any of the equipment on the shuttle(s). The managers also find themselves in very difficult situations as in most situations they are under pressure to deliver in the provided time failure to which they will be assumed to be incompetent and not capable of delivery. The Space Exploration program is considered to be a symbol of Americas intellectual power and also serves as a show of its might and it is used as a way to remind the rest of the world that America is still the most developed country in all facets. Therefore in cases where the managers are under tremendous amounts of pressure, they tend to downplay small hitches which involve overlooking engineering ethics and order the continuation of the mission so that they can come out as being able to deliver this acts as a boost when they seek funding (Charles, 2008). Therefore as per the evidence that was tendered in investigation into both the Columbia and Challenger disasters the decision to launch should be an engineering decision and not a managerial decision as in the case studies above the management disregarded very credible concerns by the management which if heeded even if not in the Columbia case would have prevented the disaster. Reference Charles, B. (2008). Engineering Ethics. New Jersey : Pearson/Prentice Hall "Major Malfunction." Space Shuttle Challenger Springer Praxis Books, pp. 231272. doi:10.1007/978-0-387-49679-5_6. Space Shuttle Challenger. Place of Publication Not Identified, Book On Demand, 2012. "Space Shuttle Challenger." Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Challenger.

8 Common Questions Parents Ask Teachers

8 Common Questions Parents Ask Teachers If you really want to make a great impression on the parents, then you must be ready to answer any question they might have for you. Here are 8 of the most common questions teachers receive from parents as well as some advice on how to answer them. 1. How Do I Help My Child With Technology When I Dont Know Anything About It? Many parents are far behind when it comes to staying up-to-date with the latest tech tools. Often, the child is the most tech-savvy member of the household. So, when a parent doesnt know how to help their child with their tech, they might come to you for advice.   What to Say - Tell parents to ask the same questions they would if they werent using technology for their homework. Questions like What are you learning? and What are you trying to accomplish? 2. How Can My Child Be Successful in School? Parents want to know what can they do at home to help their child be successful in school. They might ask for details on how you grade and if there is anything that they can do to make sure their child receives an A.   What to Say - Be truthful, show them how you grade, and share your expectations for your students. Remind them its not all about the grades, but how the child is learning. 3. Is My Child Behaving in School? If a parent asks you this question, you can probably assume that the child has behavioral issues at home as well. These parents often want to know if their childs behavior at home is transferring to their behavior in school. And, though there are instances of children acting out at home and presenting the opposite behavior in school, misbehaved children often act out in both spaces.   What to Say - Tell them how you see it. If they are indeed acting out, then you need to come up with a behavior plan with the parent and the student. There may be something going on at home (divorce, sick relative, etc.) Do not pry, but you can prompt the parent to see if they will tell you. If they are not acting out in school, reassure the parent and tell them they neednt worry.   4. Why Do You Give so Much/so Little Homework Parents will have strong opinions on homework volume no matter how much you give. Be receptive to their feedback, but remember that you are the teacher and it is ultimately up to you to decide what is best for your students and your classroom. What to Say - If a parent asks why you give so much homework, explain to them what their child is working on in school, and why its important to have them reinforce it at night. If a parent asks why their child never gets homework, then explain to them that you dont feel its necessary to bring work home when they could be spending time with their family. 5. What Is the Purpose of the Assignment? This parent question usually arises after a long night of sitting with their frustrated child. You have to remember that the way they pose the question (which is usually out of frustration) may come off as aggressive. Be patient with this parent; they have probably had a long night.   What to Say - Tell them that you are sorry that they may have a hard time and that you are always available via text or email to answer any questions. Make sure to communicate to them the  specific purpose of the assignment and reassure them that next time they have an issue that you are always there to answer their questions. 6. We Are Going on Vacation, Can I Have All of My Childs Homework? Vacations during school time can be hard because a child misses out on a lot of classroom time. It also means that you have to take the extra time to prep all of your lesson plans far ahead of time. Make sure to communicate your policy for vacation homework in the very beginning of the school year and ask that they give you at least one weeks notice. What to Say - Provide the parent with what you can and let them know that their child will likely have other things to make up when they get back. 7. Does My Child Have Friends? The parent just wants to make sure that their child is having a good experience in school and isnt being bullied or excluded.   What to Say - Tell them that you will observe their child and get back to them. Then, make sure that you do that. This will give the chance for you to pinpoint the time of day the child is having difficulty (if any). Then, the parent (and you) can talk to the child and come up with some solutions if need be. 8. Is My Child Turing in Their Homework on Time? Usually, this question comes from parents of 4th and 5th graders because this is the time when students gain more personal responsibility, which can take some adjustment.   What to Say - Offer the parent some insight into what their child is handing in and what they are not. Communicate your rules and expectations are for the student. Talk with the parent about things that they can do at home to help the child maintain responsibility, as well as what they can do in school.

From the book Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

From the book - Essay Example In our present political system, the Democrats can be considered as liberals due to the parallelism of their party ideology to liberalism. a. Conservatism Conservatism is often considered to be a right wing political ideology that seeks to uphold the traditional institutions in society. As an ideology, conservatism seeks to emphasize stability of how things were done and values continuity. Famous thinkers who advocated conservatism were Aristotle and Edmund Burke who presupposed that to change societies, it has to be understood at its present form, accept them as they are and help them evolve rather make a radical change. Conservatives, as what the proponents of conservatism are called, believed in the evolution of society as an agent of change rather than the radical or revolutionary change. In principle, conservatives were opposed to the kind of revolution such as the French Revolution and its kindred revolution. Conservatives believes and favors more the gradual change that does n ot shake society to maintain its stability rather a radical transformation. It grounds its ideology based on the reality of society and not on certain ideas of what an ideal society should be such as the society that Marx’s Communism envisioned. Such, conservatives are known to be realist than idealist. b. Socialism Socialism differentiates from capitalism in a way that its mode of production are owned or controlled by its workers and business does not exist. Industries exist only to satisfy a certain need or demand and its production and distribution is done through a centralized planning or planned by the state. Socialism is said to be the stage before achieving the final stage of communism. As a political ideology, socialism is characterized with the common ownership of the modes of production that it is not intended for profit but rather to satisfy a demand and to fulfill human needs. Since ownership of the modes of production is communal, it meant that no individual has the right to control the modes of production or resources. Production also is not intended for business but for use and to satisfy the needs of society rather than the accumulation of wealth through profit. Proceeds of the output of production is distributed according to individual contribution instead of salary as we know it. c. Fascism Fascism is a political ideology that aims to consolidate a country in terms of their national identity based on their heredity or race under a state that mobilizes its citizen through stringent discipline and mass political indoctrination. Its government is dictatorial and considers conflict as a necessity to achieve national goal. Fascism shares a trait with socialism that the modes of production are not controlled by an individual but by the state. But unlike socialism that does not entertain private enterprise, fascism promotes the regulation of private enterprise when it is beneficial to the state. Its economic goal is self-sufficiency. Governme nts that once were fascists were Italy under Benito Mussolin and Germany under Adolf Hitler. d. Anarchism.   The mainstream anarchist ideology such as that of Bakunin opposes any form of authority or institutions that will govern individuals and society and

Anti bullying Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Anti bullying - Essay Example In order to gain domination over others, bullies use coercion or physical assault, threats or verbal forms of harassment of which they normally direct towards identified ‘soft’ targets whom are likely to offer less resistance to the bullies. According to Lemus, bullies rationalize and justify their behaviors based on their differences with the victims on appearance, gender, class, behavior, religion, race, sexuality, or abilities (23-25). In the writings by Sullivan, he stated that bullying is normally classified into four key categories that include cyber bullying, physical bullying, verbal bullying, and emotional bullying, and when the bullies operate in a group it is termed as mobbing (68-71). According to Hadikin and O’Driscoll, cases of bullying are more rampant at schools where majority of those who are physically strong, have unique capabilities, or come from a financially well-off background, tend to look down upon others whom they perceive as weak targets (78-82). In addition, cases of bullying also exists within the workplace, where in most cases those who are in senior positions tend to show tendency of bullying toward those who are in junior positions. Bullying within schools and at workplaces is termed as peer abuse. This present informative essay is divided into a three part series that begins with the causes of bullying, the effects of bullying, and anti-bullying practices that should be implemented largely in schools. In the studies conducted by Lemus, he stated that bullying is caused by social factors that alter the behavior and attitudes of the bullies who pick on bad behavior of intimidating and harassing other people (32-34). Primarily, Sprung et al. stated that most bullies normally come from dysfunctional homes where they are exposed to violent punishments or regular violence within the household and even uncaring attitudes from their

The Media During Communal Riots

The Media During Communal Riots Communalism is a pervasive phenomenon in the public life of India and communal riots are the ugliest expression (Krishna, 1985). Communal riots have become an integral part of communalism in India. An event can be classified as a communal riot on two grounds. Firstly, if there is violence. Secondly, if two or more communally identified groups confront each other or the members of the other group, at some point during the violence (Varshney, 2002). The reason behind such communal riots can be superficial and trivial; though deep within there are political reasons behind such events (Varshney, 2002). India is not new to communal riots; the first recorded riots were in the year 1714, 1715, 1716 and 1750 in Ahmedabad (Rajeshwari, 2004). Bipin Chandra in his book Communalism in Modern India writes that the maximum communal riots in India took place during 1923-26. Communal riots in India are not spontaneous and are rarely due to any religious animosity. They usually arise due to conflicting political interests, which are often linked to economic interests (Rajeshwari, 2004). During the 1960s till the late 1980s, the local political and economic factors played a significant role in instigating the riots in major parts of India (Engineer, 2002). However, since then the emergence of Hindtuva1 politics has been the major cause of communal riots (Engineer, 2002). The role of news media in reportage of communal riots in India is a major area of concern. Everything is reported in the media, so are communal riots. The role of the news media has grown in recent years, perhaps because of the centrality of the news media in communal violence and conflicts (Wolfsfeld, 2007). Even the most casual of observers wont deny the increasing significance of news media under such crisis situations. The influence of the news media in peace processes is more subtle, in part because what is not reported in the media is in some ways more important than what is reported. This paper would look at the way Indian media covered and reported the two most horrific incidents of communal violence in India the 1984 Sikh riots and the 2002 Gujarat (Godhra) riots. On both occasions the media drew criticisms. The paper would discuss if the media has been objective in covering both riots and also as to what should be medias role in coverage of such future communal riots in India, if any. The Changing Face of News Media The global media sphere is changing with each passing second. New communications technologies such as camera enabled mobile phones and laptop computers are giving journalists an opportunity to gather and disseminate information with normal ease. This digitization of the news industry has led to compression of time and space and thus enabled us to see news and images of conflicts as and when they happen. The images broadcasted in our living rooms are not only informing the global audience of the horrific happenings but might also instigate further violence in an existing violent situation. As a result, the medias reporting of a conflict situation has become as central to the unfolding of the conflict itself. With the evolution in technology the tyranny of distance might have reduced but various hidden realities and factors still affect the reporting of conflicts. This is proved by a study done by Virgil Hawkings, who explains that the conflict in Africa which has been in the post-Cold war world responsible for nearly 90% of the worlds war deaths suffered a complete media blackout. Similarly, the coverage of the massive war in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), which resulted in over one million deaths in the year 2000, was almost insignificant (Hawkins, 2008). Since the media has a powerful ability to reach large number of people. It ignites the opinion building process and impacts the political decisions and audience reactions in the society. This eventually shapes the course of prevalent crises and conflicts (Ballantine, 2003). The Media, Religion and Politics With the planes hitting the Twin Towers on 11 September, 2001 the relationship between media and religion changed forever. Karim (2003) suggested that religion would become an important topic for the media and the way media covers events would be influenced by the religious undertones. It is arguable if the world and its religions have changed or not, but the media coverage of the same surely has. Within India, religion has a large impact on the personal lives of millions of people. The country practices almost every other religion known to the world and this is one of the most important facets of the country, so is politics. The politicians play on the religious issues every now and then, and media is used as the platform. The politicians communicate with the common mass through the mass media. The way in which we know and find about our politicians is through the media. It is the media that serves as the main channel of communication between the politicians and the public. Religion is one of the subjects in India which the politicians intelligently use to their advantage. Academic literature has covered the representation of conflict in religion as well as media and religion but not much has been researched on media, religion and conflict situations in context with each other, especially within an environment like India. It would be difficult to understand the relationship between religion, its construction, presentation and conflict situations covered in the media, without some reference to the broader political context within which it takes place, because in a nation like India, religion is certainly driven by political motives. In order to understand the role media plays and should play during communal clashes in India, let us analyze the two worst communal riots India has ever seen the 1984 Sikh riots and the 2002 Gujarat riots. The 1984 Sikh Riots 4.1 The Events On 31st of October 1984, the Indian Prime Minister, Indira Gandhi was assassinated by two of her Sikh bodyguards. What followed was a complete mayhem and it led to a lethal anti-Sikh riots in New Delhi, India. Sikh homes were systematically singled out in the capital and brutally destroyed (Tatla, 2006). The Sikhs were hounded, tyres were put around their neck, and petrol doused on their faces and bodies set ablaze to brutal death (Mohanka, 2005). More than 3,000 Sikhs were killed in New Delhi itself. Two hundred Gurudwaras, the place where Sikhs worship, were burnt down and many Sikh owned shops were looted (Bedia, 2009). The situation worsened when the newly elected Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi, the son of Indira Gandhi was quoted, When a big tree falls, the ground beneath is sure to rumble. This gave a sense as if Rajiv Gandhi was giving a boost to the killers who were assassinating hundreds of Sikhs in the streets of New Delhi (Mohanka, 2005). Mrs. Gandhis assassinators were avenging the killings of Sikhs during the Operation Bluestar. In the June of 1984, Mrs. Gandhi, wanted to flush out few terrorists, led by Jamail Singh Bhindranwale, who were hiding in the precincts of the Golden Temple, the holiest shrine for Sikhs in India. On the 3rd of June, 1984 a 36 hour curfew was imposed in the Sikh dominated state of Punjab. All methods of communication and travel were suspended. Electricity supplies were interrupted, a total black out was created and Punjab was cut off from India and rest of the world (Brar, 1992). On the night of 5th of June, the Indian Army under the command of Major Gen. Kuldeep Singh Brar stormed into the Golden Temple. By the morning of the 7th of June the Indian Army had full control of the temple. The militant leaders were killed in the two day battle but along with it a large number of pilgrims, civilians and children also died (Ahmed, 1996). The Sikh community were agitated. Their holiest shrine was turned into a bloody battlefield and innocent lives were lost. Saran Singh, a retired bureaucrat and a famous member of the Sikh community in India quotes It was sacrilege to send troops inside, open fire and in the process kill innocent devotees gathered to observe the martyrdom (Mohanka, 2005). From June to September 1984 most members of the Sikh community nursed a festering wound only to blurt out in Indira Gandhis assassination. 4.2 The Indian Medias Coverage of Operation Bluestar and the Riots Media by its nature plays an extremely important role for any socio-political situation irrespective of the boundary it holds (Mohanka, 2005). The medias role in the riots of 1984 is an interesting case. Scholars believe that media can play a role in focussing on a cause much before it takes an ugly turn. In the case of Punjab in 1984, the local media was not supportive of the Sikh causes. Moreover, since the beginning of the problems in Punjab, the government had a strict control on the media and imposed a heavy censorship. Since independence until the invasion of cable television in India, the electronic media had served as the mouthpiece of the government (Das, 2009). Similar was the role of the electronic media in Punjab during the riots. The Government had such tight control over the media that the foreign correspondents trying to capture the horrific events were not even allowed in the local land. The Indian Government acted as a strict visible gatekeeper and made it impossible to approve journalist visas for foreign correspondents. The events of the 1984 riots thus suffered not only from biased media coverage but also selective coverage which projected one sided selected perspective (Das, 2009). The media blackout during the Operation Bluestar is a prime example of the same. The day before the actual invasion by the Indian Army, the Government ordered all press out of the state and restricted press coverage in Punjab. The press was allowed only a week later on special organised guided tours. The aftermath was later described by the press, as involving a small gang of criminals disliked by the majority of Sikhs and Indians. The press described the militants as petty political agitators, rather than leaders of a movement for a greater Punjab autonomy, as believed by a majority of Sikhs. Similarly, during the reportage of the 1984 riots there were discrepancy between the press release of data and images and the actual severity of the violent situation that prevailed in the streets of New Delhi (Das, 2009). This usage of selective information in the Indian media only contributed to the ambiguous image of Sikhs throughout the nation and failed to bring out their plight in the light. During the Sikh Movement the Government of India had passed the National Secu rity Act (1980), the Punjab Disturbed Areas Ordinance (1983), The Armed Forces Special Powers Act (1983) and the Terrorists Affected Areas (Special Courts Act of 1984). These acts provided the police and army with sweeping powers. They could charge and curtail to the right to life under specific situations. The approach of the media during the crisis had been partisan to take into account all types of multidimensional problem, historical, political, socio-economic and ideological. The media only focussed on special restricted information and ignored a careful examination of all the issues and processes that had led to the mayhem, the riots. During 1984, Indian leaders were free to make up non-existent stories and broadcast through Government controlled radio and television channels. Since there was a major restriction on the foreign press, all foreign news correspondents were left with no choice but to take the twister news of the local government controlled media. The United States of America, The House of Representatives had a view point on the same. It said: As a result the outside world receives a biased one side view of what goes on in Punjab because the Indian Government has control over most of the domestic media. This contributes to the stereotype that all Sikhs are extremist radicals who are terrorising the predominantly Hindu nation and that is just not the fact. If the Indian Government has nothing to hide it should remove the news blackout and permit outsiders into Punjab. The free flow of information is essential to the prevention of rights and liberties in a democratic society and India claims to be the worlds largest democracy. So, they should act as the worlds largest democracy. This is the foundation for a democratic nation and is not too much to ask of India to respect the rights of all its people and not just the Hindu majority. It is not right for any government to deny 16 million of its own people the basic political and civil rights. India has a moral obligation to protect the Sikh community.2 The national newspapers reporting on the Sikhs made no distinction between a regional political party, a handful of militants, and the entire Sikh community. Even the senior editors and columnists of the national newspapers considered all Sikhs accountable for the assassination of Indira Gandhi and provided no sympathy to the community during the riots. Through the critical years of political crisis in Punjab before the horrific riots, the national dailies had not help resolve the issue. The Times of India, one of the leading national dailies and The Hindustan Times did more to incite hostility between Hindus and Sikhs than perhaps any other national English language newspaper (Das, 2009). The media was a part of the misinformation carried out in the public. The best example of the same would be when a national newspaper carried out an article reporting that huge quantities of heroin and drugs had been recovered within the Golden Temple complex and the same had been used by the militants to illegally fund their operations. Since, the foreign press was banned in Punjab; they picked up the story based on the 14th June Press Trust of India (PTI) news report from the government sources. This news was carried out in the major international newspapers. One week into the incident, the government retracted the official report on the grounds that the drugs had been recovered from the India-Pakistan border and not the Golden Temple complex. This retraction by the government was not picked up by most international news agencies and the damage done by the initial report falsely remained amongst the mass.3 Many scholars believed that the Indian media forgot to prioritize issues and failed to act upon them. Senior Indian journalist, Manoj Mitta along with H. S. Phoolka in the book When a Tree Shook Delhi writes that the media focussed on the assassination of Indira Gandhi and did not care enough about the Sikh murders during the riots. Mitta says: The media by and large went by the official line on the carnage. It focused on the happenings at Teen Murti Bhawan, where Indira Gandhis body lay in state and where from people around the world had come to pay respect. So photographers were flocking to that place and the killings that were simultaneously going on in the capital did not get recorded at all. Its bizarre but true. Not all were pleased by the Indian medias coverage of the 1984 Sikh riots. The 2002 Gujarat Riots The Events On the 27th of February 2002, the Ahmedabad bound Sabarmati Express train reached a small town in Gujarat named Godhra (Yeolekar, 2002). Instead of the usual stoppage for 5 minutes the train stopped for 25 minutes and then moved out of the platform. Before the train could run at its normal speed, the alarm chain was pulled to stop the train at Signal Falia, a Muslim inhabited locality. No one clearly knows what really happened but after few minutes the compartment S-6 was on flames. 58 passengers including 26 women and 12 children were burnt to death (Yeolekar, 2002). Among the passengers were the Kar Sevaks5 travelling from Ayodhya. There have been different theories believing that Muslims were behind this barbaric act. If this wasnt barbaric enough, what followed in the days to come shook the entire secular nation of India. During the next three days, from the 28th of February to 2nd of March, 2002 Muslims were butchered, massacred and burnt alive. Out of the 24 districts in Gujarat, 16 were entangled by organized mob attacks in which over 2,000 Muslims were killed, 200 mosques and religious and cultural monuments were sent to rumbles (Sawant et al, 2002). The Muslim community of Gujarat suffered an enormous economic blow with an overall loss of Rs 35 billion. 5.2 The Indian Medias Coverage of the Riots 5.2.1 The Television Coverage For the first time in the history of communal clashes in India, violence was carried live on television (Ninan, 2002) as the cameras brought across the horrific images to viewers home in Gujarat and elsewhere. There was no live coverage of the attacks against the Sikhs back in 1984 or during the Babri Masjid fiasco in 1992. Those were the era of print media and television was limited to Doordarshan, a state owned channel. It was only in 1996 when, Rupert Murdoch ventured into India with the STAR network and STAR News happened Indias first 24 hour news channel (Page Crawley, 2001). This addition to the television spectrum of India added a new visual dimension to politics, violence and public sphere in India. In 2005, the television newscape had turned dense with a large number of players entering the market; several 24 hour news channels were launched. This led to intense competitive brand of journalism, which was evident during the Gujarat riots. There were a large consortium of jo urnalists and television crews from various channels on the streets in Gujarat, each trying to outdo each other. When the Gujarat violence happened, the private television in India had been broadcasting for about 8 years and was easily accessible by 40 million amongst the 81.6 million Indians who owned television sets4. This option offered by the private television gave the Indian viewers unprecedented access to independent broadcasting. When the first pictures of Gujarat riots were telecast on Indian screens on 27 February, the three major news networks in India Star News, Aaj Tak and Zee News did not follow the guidelines formulated by the Press Council of India, a quasi-judicial watchdog organization (Mehta, 2006). The guidelines mentioned not to reveal the identity of victims or attackers in the news reports but all the news networks carried blaring headlines about the killing of the Kar Sevaks. The guidelines were against the mentioning of victims or attackers as Hindus or Muslims because they feared it could inflame passions and lead to revenge attacks. The television news networks with its striking visual images made this guideline redundant. While covering the riots in Gujarat, the television journalists openly identified the victims and the attackers. Varadarajan argues for the naming of communities. He states that not naming the communities increases a sense of suspicion and anxiety amongst the ordinary citizens not only in the riot affected area but throughout the nation. Then people tend to assume that the victims are their own while attackers are the other (Varadarajan, 1999). Famous Indian journalists, Rajdeep Sardesai and Barkha Dutt of STAR News justified their stand of naming the communities. Barkha Dutt stated, Naming the community under siege in Gujarat was moot of the story. In fact it was the story, revealing as it did a prejudice administrative and political system that was happy to just stand by and watch. (Mehta, 2006). The bold and independent media coverage by the television media during the riots invited flak from the political actors in powers who were shown in bad light. Criticizing the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and the Hindutva approach in the riots got STAR News and English newspapers like The Times of India and Indian Express bad press (Sonwalkar, 2006). The BJP was in power in the state of Gujarat and at the centre in New Delhi. After the initial violence, when the news coverage of the attacks against the Muslims in Gujarat started to reflect badly on the state and central government, the leaders came down heavily on the journalists and media personnel. The Prime Minister, Atal Bihari Vajpayee addressed the nation a day after the attacks, regretting the disgraceful violence. He later on added that the news media were presenting an exaggerated account of the situation in Gujarat6. The BJP and the state government under Narendra Modi singled out STAR News and banned cable operators from showing the channel in the state. The viewers in Ahmedabad, one of the worst affected regions in the riots, were left with blank television screens, unaware from the reality happening on the streets (Mehta, 2006). Cable operators received calls from local officials in Ahmedabad and other cities to completely black out STAR News, Zee News, CNN and Aaj Tak6. Dossiers and hitlists on journalists were reportedly prepared while the channels which dared to reveal the truth and were critical of the Chief Minister and his plan of actions were not invited to the press conferences and hence were denied the basic right to information by the state itself (Sardesai 2004). The main complaint of the BJP and its allies were that the news media did not cover and criticize those who were responsible for the Godhra train tragedy in which 58 Kar Sevaks were victims. This however remains untrue as the every news channels and major newspaper had covered the Godhra train tragedy exclusively, but the follow ups did not remain as the story of the day because the Union Budget followed on 28 February. The budget coverage was pushed aside when the mass killings and large scale retaliation against Muslims started in various parts of the state (Sonwalkar, 2006). Another criticism was that, the national media inflamed communal passions by providing graphic television coverage of the dreadful events. The journalists and the news professional came out against the criticism and said that the level of violence would have been much worse if only the news media brought out the real picture by the graphic images. The BJP and its allies also christened the media as Marxist-Mullah combine and the Secular Taliban for criticising the attacks against the Muslims. Members of the Editors Guild of India visited the affected regions in Gujarat and were told by a group of Hindutva supporters that the Hindu community has been defamed with the coverage only being from the Muslim perspective: They only listen to Muslims and ignore the Hindus (Patel et al, 2002). Sardesai explains the predicament faced by journalists in covering the riots: (If ) any reporter, whether print of television, sees large-scale violence being committed, is the journalist to ignore the hard reality and merely present the facts as seen through the government binoculars? If the Chief Minister says that the situation is returning to normal even while reports are streaming in of continuing violence in several parts of the state, are not the lies to be exposed? And if the government insists that the army is out on the street when the fact is that the army has been kept on stand-by and is waiting for transport trucks, whose version is to be broadcast? (Sardesai, 2002) 5.2.2 The Press Coverage If the graphic coverage by the television channels hit the headlines and raised criticisms, the nature of the press coverage also came under the hammer. The coverage by the print media makes an interesting study. There were two different approaches followed by the local and the national media. The local section of the press, including the Gujarati dailies Sandesh and Gujarat Samachar, covered the events from a pro-Hindutva stand and justified the killings of hundreds of Muslims. While the national media, including The Times of India and the Indian Express, were overtly critical of the channelized attacks against the Muslims (Sonwalkar, 2006). The team of Editors Guild of India met several journalists, correspondents, editors, Chief Minister Narendra Modi and others to conclude that the English-language national press played an exemplary role in coverage of the riots. BJPs allegations of media playing an aggravating role in coverage of the riots have been dismissed by many scholars. Patel argues that the allegation was specious, self-serving and must be dismissed (Patel et al. 2002). The Editors Guild of Indias team observed that: Our finding is that the prompt and extensive portrayal by the national media of the untold horrors visited on innocent people in the wake of the Godhra carnage was a saving grace. The exposure of the supine is not complicit attitude of the State and manifest outpourings of communal hatred, stirred the conscience of the nation, compelled remedial action, howsoever defensively and belatedlyHowever, the role of the sections of the Gujarat media, specially the Gujarat Samachar and more notably Sandesh, was provocative, irresponsible and blatantly violative of all accepted norms of media ethics. This cannot be lightly passed over. (Patel et al, 2002) Gujarat Samachar is the largest selling daily in Gujarat with a circulation of nearly 810,000 followed by Sandesh with 705,000 (Sonwalkar, 2006). These two newspapers have a large readership and dominate the print market in Gujarat. A study by PUCL in 2002 found that there were several instances of distorted and false reporting in these two newspapers and also the circulation of Sandesh rose by 150,000 due to its pro-Hindutva stand. The coverage analysis found that when Muslims were at fault, their names were clearly mentioned and the perpetrators identified. However, when the Muslims were the victims of murders, loots, arsons, and other heinous crimes the attackers were unnamed. The study concluded: No sources were quoted for headlines, even when they were simply lifted from speeches by Vishwa Hindu Parishad (one of the Hindutva polical parties in the state). Headlines were also misleading, and often followed up by reports that did not substantiate, and even negated the headlines completelyThe anti-minority stand was obvious in the slant in news reporting. (PUCL, 2002) Sandesh was extremely provocative in its reporting. PUCL states Sandeshs usage of headlines was to provoke, communalize and terrorise people (PUCL 2002). On the 28th of Februrary, Sandesh carried a headline saying, 70 Hindus Burnt Alive in Godhra. Another report on the front page read, Avenge Blood with Blood, which was a quote from a statement made by one of the Vishwa Hindu Parishad leaders, but the newspaper used the words as a headline without mentioning the leader (Sonwalkar, 2006). On the 6th of March, the headline read, Hindus Beware: Haj Pilgrims return with a Deadly Conspiracy, when the fact remains that hundreds of Haj pilgrims were terrified by the happenings in the state and had retuned under police protection. PUCL emphasized in its study that most news in Sandesh post-Godhra violence began with the sentence, In continuing spiral of communal rioting that broke out as a reaction to the demonic/barbaric, etc Godhra incident. The comminatory adjectives used in describing the Godhra incident were strikingly absent when covering the post Godhra Muslim annihilation (PUCL, 2002). One of the reports mentioned that the breasts of two Hindu women had been chopped off by Muslim mobs during the crisis. This report turned out be false and the editor countered by saying that the information had been provided by the police. The papers editor told that it was against the policy of the newspaper to carry out corrections and clarifications for previously published articles (Patel et al, 2002). The Press Council of India later censured the newspaper for the fault (Prerna, 2003). Gujarat Samachar also heightened the tension through its pro-Hindutva stand in coverage of the events. Gujarat Chief Minister Narendra Modi openly praised Sandesh for its work, which was publishing false and rumoured reports with a pronounced pro-Hindutva and an anti-Muslim stance. In a letter to the newspapers editor, Modi writes: The newspapers of the state played a decisive role as a link between the people and the government. You have served humanity in a big way. It is the state governments primary duty to restore peace and security. It is noteworthy that the newspapers of Gujarat gave their full support to the state government in undertaking this difficult task.I am grateful to you. (Varadarajan, 2002: 286) The one regional newspaper that stood out amidst the Hindutva ideology was the Gujarat Today, notably started by few liberal Muslims in the state. The report suggested Gujarat Today regularly carried out positive news items highlighting interdependence of the communities involved (PUCL 2002). The two English-language national newspapers in India, The Times of India and the Indian Express were critical of the state government in their articles. However, these two newspapers also publish editions from Gujarat and a clear divide was evident between the two English-language dailies and the two regional editions (Sonwalkar, 2006). While the English-language version was sharp in its criticisms of Chief Minister Narendra Modi and his policies, the two Gujarati dailies propagated the need of Hindutva. Desai, an Ahmedabad-based correspondent of the Indian Express writes: Today, all the people who once used to look at me with respect question me and abuse me. They do this because I represented a publication whose medium is English and because I reported human misery in its right perspective.A friend said: All of you from the English language media have tarnished the image of Gujarat. Today, the common man in Gujarat hates the English language media. Even a section of the English language media hates the English language media. (Desai, 2004: 228) We find that there was a demarcation between the coverage of the national media and a section of the regional press. The national media did a commendable job but were criticised by a few. The Role of the Media during Communal Riots: The Road Ahead The result of multiple and complex interests of regions, states and/or various types of groups within them leads to economic, social and political conflicts. Such conflicts are difficult to handle and requires negotiations between the parties involved and in this amorphous age of media the governments are finding extremely difficult to handle such situations (Terzis, 2008). Despite the increased importance of communication, very few governments can speak about successful communication during conflicts because they fail to take into consideration the perception of the conflict in the minds of the common mass, the scientific analysis of the causable factors, the agendas of the parties involved and the changing nature of the conflict itself (Ballantine, 2003). The role of mass media in covering and resolving conflicts, especially those involving religious differences that leads to frequent communal riots in India, is extremely crucial. We are in the age where the basic principles of reportage of facts are sacred, comment free, get both sides of the story, double check your facts before writing, are not enough in reporting communal riots. There are enough challenges faced by a journalist and media personnel in such a situation. The guidelines for a reporter in covering communal riots should be to lookout for detailed background information, not continue with the stereotyping of communities, find residents who deal with both the communities, talk to victims from both sides, corroborate victims as well as polices accounts, discover the role of the police, the politicians and the media

George Orwells 1984 :: essays research papers

GEORGE ORWELL'S 1984 THE BOOK 1984 BY GEORGE ORWELL IS ABOUT A MAN NAMED WINSTON SMITH. HE LIVES IN THE COUNTRY OF OCEANIA. IN THIS COUNTRY EVERY THING IS CONTROLLED BY A PARTY NAMED THE BIG BROTHER. THIS PARTY CONTROLLS EVERY THING FROM FOOD RATIONS TO WHAT PEOPLE CAN THINK. THEY EVEN HAVE TELLASCREANS EVERY WHERE SO THEY CAN WATCH PEOPLE AT ALL TIMES. WINSTON WORKS IN NEWSPEAK. NEWSPEAK IS WERE THEY EVENT SIMPILAR WORDS SO THEY CAN ELEMINATE OTHER WORDS TO MAKE THE LANGUAGE SIMPILIAR. WINSTON LIVES A PRETTY NORMAL LIVE UNTILL HE JOINS A UNDERGROUND PARTY CALLED THE BROTHERHOOD. HE JOINS THIS BECAUSE HE DOES NOT BELIEVE IN WHAT THE BIG BROTHER IS DOING AND HE THINKS IT IS WRONG. THE BROTHERHOOD IS AGAINST THE BIG BROTHER AND IS TRYING TO END ITS POWER. IN THIS PARTY THEY TELL WINSTON EVERY THING THE BIG BROTHER IS NOT TELLING THEM THINGS LIKE WHO OCEANIA IS REALLY AT WAR WITH AND EVERY THING THAT THE BIG BROTHER HAD BEEN LYING TO THEM ABOUT. IN THIS PARTY WINSTON MEETS A GIRL NAMED JULIA. OVER A PERIOD OF TIME THEY FALL IN LOVE. THEY HAVE SEX FOR A LONG TIME BUT HAVING SEX IS ILLEGAL IN OCEANIA. SO THEY HAVE TO HIDE.THEY FIND A SPOT IN THE FORREST WHERE NO ONE KNOWS ABOUT SO THEY WONT GET CAUGHT. AFTER A FEW MONTHS THEY FIND A BETTER SPOT THAT THEY RENTED FROM A FREIND. THEY USED THIS PLACE FOR A FEW MONTHS. UNTILL ONE NIGHT WHEN THEY FELL A SLEEP AND IN THE MORNING THEY WOKE UP TO THE POLICE TAKING THE TO JAIL. THEY TAKE THEM TO A PLACE WHERE THEY ARE QUESTIONED AND INNTERRIAGATED UNTILL THEY BREAK DOWN AND CONFESS. THEY ARE TAKING THERE AND TORRTURED AND BRAIN WASHED UNTILL THEY BELIVE WHAT THE PARTY TELLS THEM. THEY USED THE THING WINSTON WAS MOST AFRAID OF AND THATS RATS. SEEING THE RATS MADE HIM YELL OUT DONT

Enteprise risk management unilever by the example of unilever lipton Essay

Introduction More and more companies begin to understand the importance of risk management (Enterprise Risk Management, ERM) — the fields of management thanks to which business doesn’t revolve, and receive an additional boost. Still, quite recently many ERM programs were directed, mainly, to studying of already known problems, or to the assessment of all risks in a row, irrespective of their level. Though such activity also allows giving employees full-time job, it seldom brings benefit to the company focused on the result. It is obvious that conditions of business are accompanied by the huge amount of risks. Without preliminary preparation of the company, supported with the realization of the strategy, can fall a victim of any unforeseen event which will threaten their success, and it is possible, and to survival. In such time, it is very important to have the reliable ERM program which is interwoven into the fabric of strategy of the company and is integrated into its daily business activities. However, implementation of the effective ERM program is today not the simplest task. Having faced the uncertainty of prospects of changes in standard regulation and economy, many companies make considerable efforts to create the effective and purposeful program which will provide an understanding of the most important risks. Though each enterprise and branch has the specifics, there is a number of the general actions which will lead to the creation of more effective ERM program. Background information Unilever is the British and Netherlands company, one of the world leaders in the market of foodstuff and goods of household chemicals (including perfumery). Now in these segments, the company is the second in the world sales volumes. The headquarters are located in London and Rotterdam. The company is led by the board of director’s representative Michael Treschow. The executive managing director is Paul Poleman. The net income for the previous year was on the level of 5.2 billion euros. The company has more than 175 thousand employers worldwide. ERM Overview Risk management plays an essential role in the company in achieving its long-term goals. The success of the Unilever company. The overall company’s success depends on its abilities to identify and evaluate risks and opportunities generated by either business or markets the company is in. The total turnover of the company was more than â‚ ¬52.7 billion in 2016. 57% of the business being held across the world takes place in emerging markets. The company owns 13 brands, all of them have annual sales volume more than 1 billion euros per year. The company has more than 169 thousand employers worldwide. The gender structure of the company is following: 46% of managers are women and 54% are men. By 2016, over 610 Unilever sites were distributing zero non-hazardous waste to landfill. The Unilever company is number one FMCG graduate employer of choice in 34 of the 60 countries to be recruited. In 2016 Sustainable Living brands grew 40% faster than the rest of the business of the Unilever. ERM Integration with strategy Appraisal of Unilever’s Risk Management Strategies Unilever has perceived that the vast majority of the dangers presented to it might wind up noticeably material snags to the organization’s further advancement. According to this fact, it has attempted to take some viable and organized measures to distinguish and after that endeavor the key hazard administration systems for the business. There are several specific risk management strategies that are implemented with company’s mission and long-term strategy: Unilever has been carefully observing monetary markers and purchaser conduct in various territories through broad and expert research with a specific end goal to react rapidly and take new and adaptable measures to take care of the changing demand of clients. So as to manage the issue of budgetary instability, the organization has been attempting endeavors to access worldwide obligation advertises through different routes, for example, short-term or long-term debt programs. Unilever appends extraordinary importance to the change of loan cost, attempting to have distinctive sorts of budgetary administrations and adjust the dangers amongst drifting and settled rate enthusiasm after an expert forecast and appraisal of the financing cost. Regarding the remote foreign exchange rates, Unilever sets an arrangement which constrains the working organizations’ monetary outside trade exposures in order to reduce such risk. Unilever has made a progression of standards and strategies for the technique of design, producing, and retailing of items to guarantee the high requirements of items’ quality. What more Unilever has a â€Å"Sustainable Development Group† which consists of 5 external specialists, involving in the company’s strategy development. Associated Risks Conclusion References http://www.cfin.ru/finanalysis/risk/ERM.shtmlhttps://www.unilever.com/Images/risks_ar15_tcm244-477397_en.pdfhttps://www.slideshare.net/muthukum/unilevers-lipton-risk-management-with-business-intelligencehttps://www.unilever.ru/about/who-we-are/introduction-to-unilever/